One of the known quotations: "In reality, parasites have killed a lot more people than all wars in history."Surprisingly as a simple, sometimes individual being, it is possible to disturb the work of a large organism.People didn't stay in debt.Methods were developed with which you can identify a parasitic invasion in the early stages and start treatment in good time.Analyzes for parasites in adults can be consisted of both a regular state hospital and in the laboratory for private clinics.
Who are parasites and how to identify them
Parasites are a numerous group of organisms that can only exist due to the resources of the owner.You can't live alone.Parasites in the human body are fixed on the skin (insects, ticks) in the stomach -intestine tract (ascarides, plug -in needle worms).In the intestine is the cheapest environment for the important activity of the parasite.There are also creatures that live in the lymphatic vessels (Filiria) on the mucous membranes of the internal organs (trematoda).To gain a foothold in the body of the host, worms and protozoa use suction cups, hooks, clothes pegs, chitin plates or hard hair.
It is possible to determine the presence of parasites in the human body and its colony, with the methods of modern laboratory diagnostics being used.Which tests should be carried out for parasites for the adult:
- Histological examination of feces.
- Serological studies (blood tests): immunosoric analysis (Elisu), indirect hemaglutination reaction (RNG), immune fluorescence reaction (reef or art method), complinus bond reaction.
- PCR analysis.
The diagnosis is often difficult because not all parasitosis have characteristic clinical manifestations and not all methods are equally sensitive.What is the name of the analysis, which must be taken, will say the appealing doctor.It is often recommended to carry out a comprehensive analysis for parasites.
What is the risk of parasites?
Parasitic invasions exhaust great human immunity.Immunity is one of the components of the body's regulatory system.With immune deficiency:
Be careful
According to statistics, more than 1 billion people are infected with parasites.You may not even suspect that you have been victims of parasites.
It is easy to determine the presence of parasites in the body by a symptom - an unpleasant smell from the mouth.Ask the loved ones if you have a bad breath in the morning (before you brush your teeth).If so, you are infected with parasites with a probability of 99%.
Infections with parasites lead to neurosis, fast tiredness, sharp mood changes and more serious diseases.
In menCreating parasites: prostatitis, impotence, adenoma, cystitis, sand, kidney stones and blisters.
In women: Pain and inflammation of the ovary.Fibroma, myoma, fiber fiber mastopathy, inflammation of the adrenal glands, blisters and kidneys develop.As well as heart and cancer.
We would like to warn immediately that you do not have to run to the pharmacy and buy expensive medication that, according to the pharmacists, will etch all parasites.Most medication are extremely ineffective, but very harm to the body:
- The risk of viral infection increases;
- The degree of antioxidant and anti -cancer protection is reduced;
- There is a violation of the vascular permeability and malfunctions in hematopoiesis.
Parasites can cause serious allergic reactions.
Helminers also have a direct harmful effect.They are attached to the inner organs with sharp hooks or panels, which mechanically damaged the mucous membranes.The normal work of the affected body is violated.
Helminthen activities damage the body on a molecular level.The rate of insulin synthesis, growth factor and collagen is reduced.This leads to a slowdown in growth and physical development processes.The absorption in the small intestine also decreases.Parasitic infections are characterized by a small chronic blood loss by affected organs.
Recent scientific studies have shown that worms in the intestine distinguish specific toxins that suppress the activities of cytokines.These are information molecules that regulate intercellular contacts.They give cell information about the external environment.If there is free space, the cell can start with the division.Blocking the work of cytokines can lead to the formation of a tumor.Cytokines also provide an agreed reaction of the immune, nervous and hormonal systems on the effect of foreign active ingredients.
Reasons for submitting the analysis for parasites
If a person is infected with individual parasites, they may not feel any symptoms.But over time, the number of helminths increases and the infection manifests itself.It is necessary to carry out tests for parasites if there are symptoms such as abdominal pain from different localization that can occur spontaneously or with palpation.
The type of symptoms depends on the type of parasites.Itching and burning in the anal area cause pinworms.Askarides provoke severe allergic reactions and abdominal pain.Lambia, Echinococci and Bicondumure influence the liver.They are often the cause of the obstruction of the bile tract and cholestasis (stagnation of the bile), inflammation of the gallbladder.Light droppings with fat drops are one of the main signs of the pathology of the liver and pancreas.The symptom of a parasitic effect on the liver and gallbladder is pain in the right hypochondrium.
If some of the listed symptoms appear, it is necessary to go to the hospital to identify parasites in the body in good time.It is necessary to carry out regular preventive tests for parasites for children, people who live or work with animals.If raw, jerky, slightly salted meat, lard or fish are regularly consumed for food, the risk of infection is very high.In this case, it is also necessary to check regularly to identify parasites.
Detailed co -program
A histological co -program is a microscopic examination of feces to detect eggs, larvae or traces of the vital activity of adults of parasites.A detailed analysis of Kot is a universal method for the detection of intestinal helminths (pinworms, Ascaris, ankylost, plum head).
How to carry out a faecal analysis.You have to buy a special sterile container in a pharmacy.It is filled with a third of the volume with masses of faeces.Before the defecation, it is necessary to urinate so that the urine does not fall into the test.The lid of the filled container is firmly twisted.
Biomaterial cannot be kept in the fridge for more than 8 hours, after this time it is no longer suitable for research.A week before the analysis, you have to stop taking medication, excluding fried and high -fat dishes.On the eve of the fence of the material, you cannot use rectal candles, drink a laxative or make it fine.
The main disadvantage of the co -program is low efficiency (about 35%).Helminers don't lay eggs every day.Therefore, the analysis of feces for parasites must be carried out three times with an interval of 3 to 5 days.Instructive results can usually be achieved 4-6 days after delivery.
Scraping in parasites
Scrapping or smear from the area of the anus is only taken to diagnose enterobiosis (pinworm).The smear is taken in two ways:
- with a special spatula or cotton wool;
- With the help of a sticky band.
A spatula can be bought in a pharmacy.The smear is removed around the anus and the step.The procedure can be carried out at home or in a clinic.The fence of the material is carried out in the morning before you cannot wash or double.If the scratch was made at home, the spatula must be placed in a sealed container or a bag and delivered to the laboratory on the same day.The result of the analysis can be preserved tomorrow.In order to make a precise diagnosis, the analysis for parasites must be submitted several times in a row.
Blood tests
You can donate blood for parasites.This is a universal object of laboratory research.By changing its composition, the pathologies can be assessed within the body.How can I identify parasites, examine blood, which tests are donated?An immunosoric analysis is carried out for antibodies and antigens, a reaction of indirect hemaglutination and immune fluorescence.In a general blood test, in the presence of a parasitic infection in the body of the level of eosinophils, the body is increased.
Elisa
With the immunoformal analysis (ELISA) you can determine the presence and concentration of immunoglobulin (antibodies) in the blood, which are produced in response to the invasion of external funds (antigens).The IFA analysis is a highly sensitive method with which you can identify antigens even in small quantities.With your help you can precisely determine the type of parasites, the number of colony and the development phase of the process.
Elisa for parasites in the human body is decrypted by antibodies in accordance with five classes.In order to diagnose the helminthian invasion, there are enough immunoglobulins of only three classes:
- IMMOGLOBULIN M (IGM).They are produced 4 days after the infection, which are available in the blood for 6 weeks.The presence of IGM shows the intensive reproduction of foreign agents.
- IMMOGLOBULINE G (IGG).They enter the bloodstream 20 to 28 days after the infection and can be present in plasma for several months or years.IGG's presence indicates an infection.
- IMMOGLOBULIN A (IGA).They are produced two weeks after the penetration of pathogenic organisms and disappear after 5-8 weeks.The presence of IGA shows an infection or that the body cleans itself.
A blood sample for Elisa is passed on to empty stomach in the morning.
RNA
The reaction of indirect hemaglutination is the most specific and most sensitive of all serological methods.The reaction of red blood cells on the effect of a variety of antigens is examined.Rate the type and intensity of the precipitation of red blood cells.With a high and sharply intensive reaction, the bottom of the tube is covered with glued red blood cells.The results of the analysis are deciphered by the treating doctor.
Rnif
An indirect reaction of immune fluorescence enables you to identify a complex of antigen antibodulation.For this purpose, a blood sample is treated with a special serum against immunoglobulins that contains fluorochrome in the composition.Then the sample is examined under a fluorescent microscope.
The results are assessed based on the intensity of the yellow -green glow.High titers indicate the presence of a helminthian invasion.The lawyer doctor is involved in decoding the analysis results.
RSK
An antibody with the corresponding antigen is formed by an immune complex that can turn to a complement system.This is based on the RSK method (a reaction of the complement binding).If the antigen-antibody complex is not formed, the complement remains free.
RSK is used to diagnose the acute phase of parasitic diseases.
Diagnosis by PCR
The polymerase chain reaction is a modern and high research method.With his help you can diagnose the presence of viruses, bacteria, protozoa and intracellular parasites in the body.Blood and other biological liquids are suitable for the analysis.
The result of the polymerase chain reaction is the decrypted DNA of the parasite.You can precisely determine the type of pathogenic organism.The disadvantage of the PCR is that it is impossible to find out the number of parasites and the stage of the development of the disease.
Diploma
Analyzes to identify parasites must be carried out by every person.Regular studies will help to avoid enormous health problems that provoke these small creatures.The doctor will say which analysis method is better to choose.